HW Solutions Essay Example

HW Solutions Paper The client wants to minimize risk subject to the requirement that the annual income from the investment he at least $60,000. According to Innings risk measurement system, each unit invested in the stock fund has a risk index of 8, and each unit invested in the money market fund has a risk index of 3; the higher risk index associated with the stock tune simply indicates that it is the riskier investment. Innings client has also specified that at least $300,000 be invested in the money market fund. A. Determine how many units of each fund Inns should purchase for the client to minimize the total risk index for the portfolio. . How much annual income will this investment strategy generate? . Suppose the client desires to maximize annual return. How should the funds be invested? (SAW: Chi 2, CNN 37 Inns mill) 2. Photo Chemicals produces two types of photographic developing fluids. Both products cost Photo Chemicals SSL per gallon to produce. Based on an analysis of current inventory levels and outstanding orders for the next month, Photo Chemicals management has specified that at least 30 gallons of product 1 and at least 20 gallons to product 2 must be produced during the next 2 weeks. Management has also stated that an existing inventory of highly perishable raw trial required in the production to both fluids must be used within the next 2 weeks. The current inventory of the perishable raw material is 80 pounds. While more of this raw material can be ordered if necessary, any of the current inventory that is not used within the next 2 weeks will spoil hence, the management requirement that at least 80 pounds be used in the next 2 weeks. Furthermore, it is known that product I requires I pound of this perishable raw material per gallon and product 2 requires 2 pounds of the raw material per gallon. We will write a custom essay sample on HW Solutions specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on HW Solutions specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on HW Solutions specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Since Photo Chemicals Objective is to keep its production costs at he minimum possible level, the firms management is looking for a minimum- cost production plan that uses all the 80 pounds Of perishable raw material and provides at least 30 gallons of product 1 and at least 20 gallons of product 2. What is the minimum-cost solution? (SAW: Chi 2, CNN 38 Photo ; min) 3. Does the following linear program involve infeasibility, unbounded, and/or alternative optimal solutions? Explain. Max ex. ex. ex. 4 ex. 10 -Ixi + lx28 XSL, xx0 (SAW Chi 2, CNN 40 infeasible) 4. Does the following linear program involve infeasibility, unbounded, and/or alternative optimal solutions? Explain Max Xix *lax ex. * ex. 24 ex.4 (SAW : Chi 2, CNN 41 unbounded) 5. Reconsider the ARM situation. A. Identify all the extreme points of the feasible region. B. Suppose ARM discovers away to increase the profit of solvent base to $60 per ton, Does this change the optimal solution? If so, how? C. Suppose the profit for the solvent base is SO per ton, What is the optimal solution now? Comment on any special characteristics that may exist with this profit for the solvent base. Chi 2, CNN 47) 6. Reconsider the ARM situation. Suppose that management adds the acquirement that at least 30 tons of fuel additive and at least 15 tons of solvent base must be produced. A. Graph the constraints for this revised ARM problem. What happens to the feasible region? Explain. B. If there are no feasible solutions, explain what is needed to produce 30 tons of fuel additive and 15 tons of solvent base. : Chi 2, CNN 48) 7. Reconsider the Keelson Sporting Equipment Inc example. Discuss the concepts of infeasibility, unbounded solution, and alternative optimal solutions as they occur in each tooth following situations: a. Management has requested that the production of baseball gloves (regular del plus catchers model) be such that the total number of gloves produced is at least 750. That is, Xix +ex. 750 b. The original problem has to be solved again because the profit contribution for the regular model is adjusted downward to $4 per glove. C. What would have to happen for this problem to be unbounded? : Chi 2, CNN 49) . Recall the Inns Investments problem. Letting XSL = units purchased in the stock fund xx units purchased in the money market fund leads to the following formulation: Min ex. + ex. xx + xx Funds available SKI ex. 60,000 Annual income xx 3,000 Units in money market Obtain and use the computer solution to answer the following: a. What is the optimal solution, and what is the minimum total risk? B. Specify the range of optimality for the objective function coefficients. . How much annual income will be earned by the portfolio? D. What is the rate of return for the portfolio? E. What is the dual price for the funds available constraint? F. What is the marginal rate of return on extra funds added to the portfolio? (SAW: Chi 3, CNN 16 TMS min) 9. Refer to the Inns Investments example and the computer output from the TMS analysis: a. Suppose the risk index for the stock fund (the value of CLC) increases from its current value of 8 to 12. How does the optimal solution change, if at all? Suppose the risk index for the money market fund (the value of co) increases from its current value of 3 to 3. 5. How does the optimal solution change, if at all? C. Suppose CLC increases to 12 and co increases to 3. 3. How does the optimal solution change, if at all? (SAW: Chi 3, CNN 17) 10. Solve the following linear program using the graphical approach: Maxima ex. ex. 4 ex. 20 31 + 72 put the linear program in tableau form, and solve using the simplex method, Show the sequence ot extreme points generated by the simplex method on your graph, (ASW: Ch5, Qn 7 -simplex max) 11. Recall the problem for Par Inc (Book Section 2. 1). The mathematical model for this problem, is restated below: Max xx + ex. [pick]XSL * Ski 630 Cutting and dyeing [apical + [pick]xx 600 Sewing Xix * [pick]k 708 Finishing [apical * [pickax 135 Inspection and packaging where XSL number of standard bags produced xx = number of deluxe bags produced a, use the simplex method to determine how many bags of each model Par should manufacture? B. What is the profit Par can earn with these reduction quantities?

Léon Foucault, Physicist Who Measured Speed of Light

Là ©on Foucault, Physicist Who Measured Speed of Light French physicist Là ©on Foucault played an essential role in measuring the speed of light and proving that Earth rotates on an axis. His scientific discoveries and contributions remain significant to this day, particularly in the field of astrophysics. Fast Facts: Là ©on Foucault Born: September 18, 1819 in Paris, FranceDied: February 11, 1868  in Paris, FranceEducation: University of ParisOccupation: Physicist Known For: Measuring the speed of light and developing the Foucault pendulum (which proved Earths rotation on an axis) Early Life Là ©on Foucault was born to a middle-class family in Paris on September 18, 1819. His father, a well-known publisher, died when his son was only nine years old. Foucault grew up in Paris with his mother. He was frail and often sick, and as a result he was educated at home until he entered medical school. He decided early on that he couldnt handle the sight of blood, and so left medicine behind to study physics. During his work with mentor Hippolyte Fizeau, Foucault became fascinated with light and its properties. He was also intrigued by the new technology of photography being developed by Louis Daguerre. Eventually, Foucault began to study the Sun, learning about the physics of sunlight and comparing its spectrum to that of other light sources such as lamps.   Scientific Career and Discoveries Foucault developed experiments to measure the speed of light. Astronomers use the speed of light to determine the distances between objects in the universe. In 1850, Foucault used an instrument developed  in partnership with Fizeau- now known as the Fizeau-Foucault apparatus - to prove that the once-popular corpuscular theory of light was not correct. His measurements helped establish that light travels slower in water than in air. Foucault continued improving his equipment to make ever-better measurements of light speed. At the same time, Foucault was working on an instrument that became known as the Foucault pendulum, which he devised and installed at the Pantheon de Paris. The large pendulum is suspended overhead, swinging back and forth all day in a motion known as oscillation. As Earth rotates, the pendulum knocks over small objects placed in a circle on the floor underneath it. The fact that the pendulum knocks over these objects proves that Earth rotates on an axis. The objects on the floor spin with the Earth, but the pendulum suspended overhead does not. Foucault was not the first scientist to build such a pendulum, but he brought the concept to prominence. Foucault pendulums exist in many museums to this day, providing a simple demonstration of our planets spin. The Foucault pendulum in the Pantheon de Paris. Public domain Light continued to fascinate Foucault. He measured polarization (the geometry of light waves) and improved the shape of telescope mirrors in order to properly light. He also continued to strive to measure the speed of light with greater accuracy. In 1862, he determined that the sped was 298,000 kilometers per second. His calculations were quite close to what we know as the speed of light today: just under 300,000 kilometers per second.   Later Life and Death Foucault continued to carry out his experiments throughout the 1860s, but his health deteriorated. He developed muscular weakness and had difficulty breathing and moving, all signs of what could have been the degenerative disease multiple sclerosis. He was also reported to have suffered a stroke the year before his death. There have been some suggestions that he suffered from mercury poisoning after being exposed to the element during his experiments. Là ©on Foucault died on February 11, 1868, and was buried in the Montmartre Cemetery. He is remembered for his wide-ranging and influential contributions to science, particularly in the field of astrophysics. Sources â€Å"Jean Bernard Là ©on Foucault.† Clavius Biography, www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/history/Biographies/Foucault.html.â€Å"Molecular Expressions: Science, Optics and You - Timeline - Jean-Bernard-Leon Foucault.† Molecular Expressions Cell Biology: Bacteria Cell Structure, micro.magnet.fsu.edu/optics/timeline/people/foucault.html.This Month in Physics History. www.aps.org/publications/apsnews/200702/history.cfm.

Change mangement in Qantas Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Change mangement in Qantas - Essay Example This section will illustrate the specific principles through the application of the KT approach of project management. This approach will split the project into three basic areas, in which communication occurs over all levels as shown below; The KT process will help Qantas in the analysis of implementation of goals via a systematic process of decision-making. It will apply in this case because it aids in achievement of improved satisfaction of customers, increasing sales, and the elimination of problems in sales (Biech, 2010: p44). The first step is analysis, where they will come up with rough goals to improve business like marketing of new products to clients. The management team will collect information from market data, databases, competitors, and customer surveys and sort through it to collect information accurately since this data forms assumptions on which all KT steps in the future will be undertaken. The second step is the strategy where Qantas, using all relevant data will h ave its management craft cost effective plans that accomplish the goals. They will take into consideration all barriers that may hinder the objectives, scope and types of products and services offered, new business sources, how to attain competitive advantage, as well as goal timeframes (Biech, 2010: p45). Following the strategy creation, a project design will be created and presented to the owner. In the third step, Qantas will consider the designs presented by the managers, as well as have the managers pitch strategies in the strategy session. Qantas, using the management team, will select the best strategy and come up with a master plan. This will include the project’s purpose, its schedule, project stages, and resources that are needed to meet the objectives (Biech, 2010: p45). Following this, the next phase is the implementation of the master plan through assigning various tasks and training the management in the fulfillment of roles. The KT process is emphatic on hands- off approach, which requires little interference where managers and employees only get required skills needed to complete objectives in the plan. Qantas should also ensure that the employees are constantly informed on the progress of the plan, only becoming active in the plan implementation when deadlines are not met. The final step is review, where Qantas while using the KT process need to review whether the plan is working after it is implemented since the plans are not necessarily considerate of all relevant variables in meeting the goals of the business (Biech, 2010: p47). As the project concludes, they should update the master plan to improve on the results. Should the project fail because of inaccurate research, the plan should be scrapped altogether and more time focused on the KT process’ analysis step. It is also opined that that Qantas used the popular Kotter’s 8 steps model as it is displayed in figure 2: Figure 2 steps to successful change The first step th ey would take would be creating a sense of urgency since everyone at Qantas will have to be behind the change and believe in it. They should identify potential threats with concurrent scenarios of possibilities in the future (Cameron & Green, 2012:

The IEP Process, IEPS and 504 Plans Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The IEP Process, IEPS and 504 Plans - Assignment Example Effective pedagogy entails building on the students learning locations and corresponding home practices. Effective pedagogy aids in the facilitation of shared learning activities and conversations among the students with inclusion of the family members and populace within the broader community (Wilmshurst & Alan, pp123-167). Learning conversations and learning partnerships is normally encouraged. Learn new learning within a variety of concepts aids in covering greater depth. Vision entail connecting association among the students coupled with efficient user of communications tools. Principles link high expectations, community commitment, and the inclusion (Wolraich, pp189-213). There are five misconceptions of information in the IEPs for disability children within this module. The misconceptions that the student’s teacher is acquainted with what is within the child’s IEP is common among the parents (Wolraich, pp189-213). Parents ought to meet with the teacher particularly when there is a change within the classroom teachers at the semester break, when a new teacher is employed, and when the school starts New Year. Misconceptions that the school technically is demanded to offer the services and assistance as stipulated within an IEP since it is a legal contract. Moreover, it affects the child’s performance thus; parents ought to monitor the child’s homework, exam progress and attitude regarding school (Wilmshurst & Alan, pp123-167). There is also a misconception that each child that struggles possesses an IEP. Certain children normally struggle with the reading and writing but do not have a disability. Moreover, particular children diagnosed with disabilities might not necessarily qualify for an IEP and might be suitable for a 504 plan. There is also a misconception that IEP continues beyond high school is not true as IDEA services do not extend into the college and workplace. Parents normally assume that their

The systems development life cycle Essay Example for Free

The systems development life cycle Essay THE SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE A system has various stages of development called the system development life cycle. This cycle consists of four stages: Planning and investigation, analysis, design and implementation, follow up, and maintenance stages. Planning and investigation involves an investigation of an already created system, organizing a system study team and developing strategic plans for the rest of the study. The analysis portion of the life cycle consists of analyzing the company’s current system in order to determine the information needs, strengths, and weaknesses of the existing system. The design stage of the life cycle consists of the changes that eliminate or minimize the current systems flaws and weaknesses while increasing or preserving the strengths. Implementation, follow up and maintenance includes obtaining resources for the new systems as well as training new or existing employees to use it. Companies then conduct follow up studies to determine whether or not the new system is successful and to identify any new problems with it. Of course, businesses must maintain the system like correcting minor flaws and updating the system. There is not really a distinct way to determine when the stage is reached or even completed, which is why it is called a cycle because it is continuous. For example, follow up studies of a system should be a continuous process. Companies constantly reevaluate systems to make sure they work the way they should because if problems in the system  re-surface or a new problem appears the life cycle starts over again starting with the system study. Also, since the system study is based off of already existing systems it is a never ending cycle so there is no real way to know when the cycle is completed or a certain stage reached. Often businesses will perform two or more stages of the life cycle simultaneously so multiple stages can be reached at once and the steps of the life cycle do not necessarily always happen in order. These stages of system development make up its life style, planning and investigation, analysis, design and implementation, follow up, and maintenance and are all necessary stages for a systems success.

Everyday Use Essay example -- essays research papers

In the short story Everyday Use, by Alice Walker, the short story is narrated by a black woman in the South who is faced with the decision to give away two quilts to one of her two daughters. Dee, her oldest daughter who is visiting from college, perceives the quilts as popular fashion and believes they should undoubtedly be given to her. Maggie, her youngest daughter, who still lives at home and understands the family heritage, has been promised the quilts. Dee is insistent to possess these heirlooms of family heritage, while Maggie is forbearing in allowing Mama to make her own decision as to who should receive the quilts. Dee shows a lack of appreciation, disrespect, and a distancing behavior towards her mother and sister. Mama ultimately decides to give the quilts to Maggie with sufficient reasons to do so. Mama recognizes Dee's different style of life and the lack of appreciation her character displays. Her mother states, "I didn't want to bring up how I had offered Dee a quilt when she went away to college. Then she had told me they were old-fashioned, out of style." Dee does not appreciate things unless it is for her own self-gratification. After being away at college, she is demanding to be given the quilts that her grandmother and aunt have made, for she now sees these precious items as fashionable objects. "Dee wanted nice things. At sixteen she had a style of her own and knew what style was." She has a selfish mind of her own. Mama is more ...

Explain the Concepts of Equality, Diversity and Rights in Relation to Health and Social Care

BTEC Extended Diploma Health and Social Care Unit 2: Equality, diversity and rights in health and social care. P1, P2, P3, M1- Concepts and discriminatory and anti-discriminatory practices. 6th November 2012 By Grace Kirby. Contents Page: Page 3 – 5 Part 1(P1): Explains concepts of equality, diversity and rights in relation to health and social care. Page 5 – 8 Part 2(P2): Describes discriminatory practices in health and social care. Page 9 – Part 3(P3): Describes the potential effects of discriminatory practice can have on staff and individuals using health and social care.Page Part 4(M1): Assess the effects on those using the service of three different discriminatory practices in health and social care settings. Part1 (P1): Explains concepts of equality, diversity and rights in relation to health and social care. In this report will evaluate how Equality, diversity and rights incorporate into the health and/or social care sector and how it is benefited by all m embers of staff, service users or patients in each health and/or social care settings.Equality is being equal to everyone else, especially in rights, status or opportunities. There are laws in place to ensure that every individual is treated equally this includes organisations having equality policies to reinforce the concept. Diversity is accepting and respecting differences between yourself and also other individuals around you. This means that everyone is recognised as being different which is valued and respected. Rights are legal entitlements.For example, an individual has a right to live in society without being abused or intimidated because of their race, beliefs, gender, sexuality or disabilities. ‘Working in the health and social care sector, equality, diversity and rights are at the core of everything you will be doing. These terms embrace all individuals using the health and care sectors and every person working within them. It is essential that people working withi n health and social care recognise the need to treat every individual equally o matter what their gender, race, beliefs, sexuality, age, disability, ethnicity, sexual orientation, education, language, background or skin colour. ’ In Britain it has truly broaden its multicultural society with a huge variety of different types of cultures and backgrounds who live and work all over the country. ‘In total, 6. 5 per cent of the British population consists of ethnic minorities. The British population is made up of the following ethnic groups: * White – 53,074,000 (includes Irish, Polish, Italian, etc) * Black Caribbean – 490,000 Black African – 376,000 * Black Other – 308,000 * Indian – 930,000 * Pakistani – 663,000 * Chinese – 137,000 * Bangladeshi – 268,000 * Other Asian – 209,000 (includes Vietnamese, Malaysian, Thai) * Other – 424,000 (people who did not think they fitted the above categories)’ W ith Britain being so diverse it has a lot of benefits to being so multicultural such as; the arts, diet, education, language, tolerance, social cohesion and cultural enrichment. ‘The arts provide a valuable way of bringing diversity to a wide audience.For example, films made in other countries can demonstrate culture from around the world in a form that is easy to interpret and may intrigue as well as educated people about other cultures. Museums and exhibitions also give an understanding of cultures from around the world, past and present. Plays and other theatrical performances can bring an experience of contemporary world culture. All these things can help us understand and appreciate ‘difference’. With knowledge from the arts a person working in health and social care can develop a deeper understanding of diversity. ‘Another good reason to enjoy a multicultural society is its food. In a recent survey in Britain the Chinese dish Chow Mein was voted the fa vourite food, with Indian food being the other main choice. In fact these two foods accounted for 70 per cent of food choices according to the market leader in consumer survey analysis Mintel. This information is very important for the health and social care profession, as individual tastes have to be taken into account when planning a person’s diet. More and more people are enjoying a diet with herbs and spices.This is partly due to our multicultural society and also because more people are travelling to other countries and tasting different types of food and drink. A person’s diet also needs to be tailored to their health requirements. For example, diabetics and some older people may need to exclude certain foods; likewise, a person’s religious belief may mean that halal meat is a requirement. Asking people about their food likes and dislikes, and what they can and cannot eat, is all part of considering and respecting their diversity. Education has been one of the most developed over recent years with diverse cultures being explored and valued within the curriculum. ‘Schools and colleges now include studies in a wide range of cultures and languages. The education system has also benefited from people from different backgrounds reaching management positions and making positive changes in relation to diversity. The inclusion of equality, diversity and rights training in the health and social care profession has increased and has become an important part of the professional training programme.All organisations are required by law to train their staff in equality, diversity and rights, usually under the equal opportunities framework. Education is an important tool in helping to get rid of ignorance about diversity. ’ In today’s society many people know more than one language, this can either the mother tongue or a language that is learnt through the education system or self taught. This can be beneficial for health profes sional, it gives chances to work abroad as well as learn something new. With the development of online services, there is a wealth of information in most spoken languages. Information is also available in sign language, and the visually impaired can use specialised software, which speaks to the viewer. People who can speak languages other than English are highly sought after in health and social care because many of those using the services may not speak English. Interpretation is seen as a new career in the health service, so speaking another language is clearly beneficial for health and social care professionals. ‘Tolerance is a very important quality to have when working in health and social care. You may come across people you do not get on with or who have different views from, you this is life and has to be accepted; after all, we are all individuals. You have to be mature and professional and professional when working with colleagues and helping people, even though you may sometimes not feel you want to be. Difference has to be accepted – even more in health and social care than in other occupations. Social cohesion is where a community sticks together behind many reasons such as ethnicity. Feeling belonged somewhere is very important to human behaviour as it provides a safe and understanding environment where a group sticks together. In health and social care team members need to form this type of bond. Working in a diverse team requires each member to value and respect all others in the team. Without this bond a team works ineffectively and will eventually fall apart, causing major problems for the people using the service.Cultural enrichment is ‘all the social and cultural benefits described above will bring about cultural enrichment through diversity, which will improve life for everyone, both those who work in health and social care and those who use the services provided. ’ Active Promotion of equality and individual righ ts Health and social care professionals need to actively promote equality and the rights of individuals, whether they are working in or using these services. The word ‘Active’ emphasises the need to ensure that action is taken on these issues.There are many laws, policies and procedures in effect to promote equality and individual rights such as the care value base (CVB). There are seven principles which promote rights for every individual who uses a service within the health and social care sectors. The care value base principles are all equally important and should in theory form the basis of all your relationships with clients and colleagues. The seven principles are: 1. The promotion of anti-discriminatory practice 2. The promotion and support of dignity, independence and safety 3.Respect for, and acknowledgement of, personal beliefs and an individual’s identity 4. The maintenance of confidentiality 5. Protection from abuse and harm 6. The promotion of effect ive communication and relationships 7. The provision of personalised individual care. In health and social care there are various ways to actively promote equality and individual’s rights such as the following: * Promoting the rights, choices and well-being of individuals * Anti discriminatory practice – empowering individuals * Dealing with tensions and contradictions Staff development and training * Practical implications of confidentiality, e. g. recording, reporting, storing and sharing of information Part 2(P2): Describes discriminatory practices in health and social care. In health and social care discrimination occurs more often than expected this can vary from your colleagues discriminating against you or the service users also the service users discriminating against you. Discrimination can happen in many forms, people are discriminated against for many things as well.People are mostly discriminated against for the following: * Culture * Disability * Age * Soc ial class * Gender * Sexuality * Health status * Family * Status * Cognitive ability Culture ‘A person’s culture is important to them and identifies who they are in the world. It is developed within the social group they are raised in, and can change when they are mature enough to decide for themselves what culture best suits them. In the health and social care profession, respecting a person’s culture is important for all concerned.It is important for the individual because it creates a sense of support and understanding, promotes their well-being and can help their health. It is also important to health and social care professionals because they see the benefits of their care value base and this underlines the importance of respecting an individual’s culture. ’ Disabilities ‘In health and social care, you will work with and support people with various disabilities. The disability Discrimination Act (DDA) makes it unlawful to discriminate aga inst someone who has a disability.The act covers employment, access to goods, facilities and services of organisations, education, buying and renting a property and transport services. There has to be full accessibility for anyone with a disability. The organisation you work for will be required by law to have a policy in place regarding disability. ’ Age ‘Age discrimination happens ‘when someone is treated unfavourably because of their age, without justification, or is harassed or victimised because of their age’.There have been some controversies regarding the dispensing of certain very expensive drugs to older people because of their shorter life expectancy, due to their age. Some people have argued that the money would be better spent on drugs for younger people. However denying a person a drug due to their age may open the health service to considerable legal risk, and legal advice needs to be sought first before decisions like this are made’. S ocial class ‘Our social class is apparent from the place where we live. The higher the class, the better the place is kept and maintained.This inequality has also infiltrated health and social care. In the forward to a department of Health publication, Alan Milburn MP, former Secretary of State for Health, stated that the poor are far more likely to get cancer than the rich, and their chances of survival are lower too; the letter carries to say that health care is a postcode lottery. However: ‘At the heart of human rights is the belief that everybody should be treated equally and with dignity – no matter what their circumstances’ – Source: Equality and Human Rights Commissions (www. equalityhumanrights. om)’. Gender A person cannot be discriminated against because of their gender. Under the Gender Equality Duty 2007, all organisations, including health and social care services, cannot discriminate unfairly due to a person’s gender. Equa l rights of access, health care and rights must be followed. Sexuality Sexual orientation can be referred to a person is attracted to another person of the same sex (gay or lesbian), the opposite sex (heterosexual), or both sexes (bisexual). Discrimination against someone because of their sexuality is against the law.If someone feels discriminated against because of their sexuality or feels they are being discriminated against they can seek legal help. Health status ‘sometimes difficult decisions have to be made regarding a person’s medical treatment, taking into account the cost of the treatment, their expected quality of life after the treatment, their expected quality of life after the treatment and their overall life expectancy, people making these decisions should always keep questioning their own assumptions and prejudices, and do their best to balance the welfare of individual patients with broader funding considerations. Family status Since sexuality has broaden ed in society with the sexuality act, people are discriminated against gay and/or lesbian parents, single parents, parents of different genders, parents of different races with mixed race children and other family groupings. Cognitive ability ‘Discrimination on the grounds of cognitive ability may arise because of a brain injury a learning disability or difficulty, or a person’s social class or education. It can be easy to discriminate against people with cognitive disabilities but care must be taken not to do so.Valuing People Now is a government strategy which aims to improve the lives of people with learning disabilities, and those of their families and carers. Part 3(P3): describe the potential effects of discriminatory practice can have on staff and individuals using health and social care. In all aspects including health and social care discriminatory practice has very negative effects on the people being cared for. This section will explore the effects in more de tail. Marginalisations (treat a person or group as insignificant)Marginalisation is when people feel as if they are not a part of the main group or society as if they don’t belong anywhere. This is a potential effect of discrimination because a person is made to stand out and made to be different from everyone else and they can therefore feel like they are all alone and marginalized from the rest of society or in the case of a health and social care sector, other service users. When a person is marginalized they are made to feel like they are different and not in a good way.For example a lower class citizen being admitted to a private care trust because there is no room elsewhere and being surrounded by all upper class service users. They may then be treated differently because of that i. e. discriminated against and they may begin to feel pushed out alone because of whom they are and where they are. This is a clear example of Marginalisation. Disempowerments (make a person o r group less powerful or confident) ‘Individuals or groups that are discriminated against by other individuals or more powerful groups will feel disempowered.They may be willing to fight against this and in some cases will win their case. However, many do not and they lose the will to fight against discrimination. As a result of this, they may become depressed and devalued and disempowered, which in turn may lead to more health issues. ’ This could happen in a health and social care setting for example Low self – esteem and self – identity Discrimination can lead to people losing their self- worth or self esteem. Some people already have low self esteem before they begin to use the health and social care services.A person with low self esteem will experience negative self-identity, which brings a feeling of worthlessness and depression. The health and social care professional needs to ensure that an individual’s self esteem is maintained at a high l evel or can be raised when its low, to health the person copes with the situation there in. Restricted opportunities ‘All types of discrimination may lead to a person not using health and social care provision and this can lead to poorer health. The discrimination may be by individuals, health organisations or even the government. ’ Negative behaviours such as aggression or criminality Negative behaviour, aggression or crime can be partly caused by discrimination. Living in poverty and experiencing discrimination. Living in poverty and experiencing discrimination can affect an individual’s behaviour. People may experience hardship and then take their frustrations out on police, teachers and health and social care professionals. People may take out their anger on those they see in a position of power and health professionals can find themselves being verbally or physically attacked. People may have anger management problems and they may take this out on the health and social care professional.Drug users may also display negative behaviour while in care. ’ Definitions Equality: the state of being equal especially in status, rights and opportunities. Equity: the quality of being fair and impartial Diversity: the state of being diverse; variety Rights: that which is morally correct just or honourable Opportunity: a set of circumstances that make it possible to do something Difference: a point or way in which people or things are not the same Overt discrimination: when you do not hide the fact you are discriminating, it is not hidden Covert discrimination: hidden or subtle discrimination.It is opposed to overt discrimination Stereotyping: view or represent as a stereotype Labelling: assign to a category, especially inaccurately or restrictively Prejudice: preconceived opinion not based on reason or experience Disadvantages: unfavourable circumstances Belief: an acceptance that a statement is true or that something exists Values: the regar d that something is held to deserve; the importance or preciousness of something Vulnerability: the state of being vulnerable or exposed Abused: the improper use of somethingEmpowerment: authorization: the act of conferring legality or sanction or formal warrant Independence: freedom from the control, influence, support, aid or the like of others Interdependence: mutuality: a repriciocal relation between interdependent entities. Racism: prejudice or discrimination directed against some of a different race based on such a relief. Sexism: prejudice, stereotyping or discrimination, typically against women on the basis of sex. Homophobia: an extreme and irrational aversion to homosexuality and homosexual people. ——————————————– 1 ]. Edexcel Health and social care level 3, Book 1 BTEC National P. 48 [ 2 ]. British Council, 2009 [ 3 ]. Edexcel Health and social care level 3, Book 1 BTE C National P. 50 [ 4 ]. Edexcel Health and social care level 3, Book 1 BTEC National P. 50 [ 5 ]. Edexcel Health and social care level 3, Book 1 BTEC National P. 50 [ 6 ]. Edexcel Health and social care level 3, Book 1 BTEC National P. 50 [ 7 ]. Edexcel Health and social care level 3, Book 1 BTEC National P. 50 [ 8 ]. Edexcel Health and social care level 3, Book 1 BTEC National P. 2 [ 9 ]. Edexcel Health and social care level 3, Book 1 BTEC National P. 65 [ 10 ]. Edexcel Health and social care level 3, Book 1 BTEC National P. 65 P. 66 [ 11 ]. Edexcel Health and social care level 3, Book 1 BTEC National P. 66 [ 12 ]. Edexcel Health and social care level 3, Book 1 BTEC National P. 67 [ 13 ]. Edexcel Health and social care level 3, Book 1 BTEC National P. 69 [ 14 ]. Edexcel Health and social care level 3, Book 1 BTEC National P. 69 [ 15 ]. Edexcel Health and social care level 3, Book 1 BTEC National P. 69